In India, rising cholesterol levels often go unnoticed in the shadow of other health concerns such as diabetes and hypertension. Lipid profile testing serves as a cornerstone for managing heart health, offering invaluable insights into an individual’s risk of developing conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. This essential diagnostic tool measures several parameters including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), total cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood. These measurements provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s risk of developing cardiovascular conditions such as heart attacks and strokes, caused due to abnormal levels of lipids — fats in the blood.
Lipid profile tests are crucial because LDLC, often referred to as “bad cholesterol,” does not show any symptoms, earning the reputation of being a silent killer. Over time it builds up in the arteries and creates blockages leading to significant heart risks such as heart attacks or strokes. Thus, when diagnosed early, healthcare providers can recommend therapeutic interventions to prevent severe outcomes.
Findings from a June 2023 study published in The Lancet reported that 81% of Indians suffer from high cholesterol levels. This alarming statistic calls for the urgent need to bring LDLC monitoring to the forefront of public health efforts.
Dr. Zakia Khan, Cardiologist, Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, “Many patients don’t realize that LDLC builds up silently over years, often without symptoms until it’s too late. Regular lipid profile testing is important because early detection allows us to intervene before serious complications occur. In my practice, I’ve seen 25 to 30% of patients overlook cholesterol management due to misconceptions or lack of awareness. I urge individuals to get tested regularly, know their target LDLC levels, and adhere to treatment plans. They should consult their physician and be proactive about maintaining their target LDLC levels.”
Managing LDLC requires a personalized approach as target levels aren’t the same for all but vary based on an individual’s risk profile. Lipid tests help understand one’s target levels and help identify the right treatment approach. The Cardiological Society of India (CSI) has outlined detailed guidelines for classifying patients into risk groups. For individuals at low risk, with no significant health conditions, the target LDLC level is below 130 mg/dL. High-risk individuals, including those with multiple risk factors or long-standing diabetes, are advised to maintain LDLC levels below 70 mg/dL. Very high-risk patients, such as those with established cardiovascular disease, require levels under 55 mg/dL, while extremely high-risk cases, like familial hypercholesterolemia, necessitate a target below 40 mg/dL. This is why individualized care is needed when treating LDLC and regular consultations and adherence to prescribed treatment plans are a must.
These aspects also apply to the frequency of cholesterol testing. For the general population, a lipid profile assessment is recommended every 4–6 years, starting at the age of 20. However, individuals with risk factors require more frequent monitoring. Those at moderate risk should undergo testing every 1–3 years, while high-risk patients, such as those with diabetes or established cardiovascular disease, should have annual assessments. Regular monitoring is also crucial for patients on lipid-lowering therapies, as it helps evaluate treatment efficacy and guides necessary adjustments.
Lifestyle modifications such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and ensuring adequate sleep, are indispensable in managing dyslipidemia. However, they should not be considered a substitute aren’t a replacement for medication.